The symposium organizers view JPEG 2000 as both an evolutionary progression of formats and a revolutionary step in the advancement of best practices that will sustain the library and archive communities for a long period of time. On November 4-5, 2004, the invited speakers and delegates considered the adoption of the JPEG 2000 standard by libraries and archives. The symposium was arranged in an arc to take delegates from little assumed knowledge of the JPEG 2000 standard, through an awareness of how it can be used, to a point where a discussion could occur on stewarding the critical aspects of the standard. The result was a dialog that started the process of the adoption of this important standard into best practices, products, and services that meet the unique needs of the library and archive communities.
Fourty-seven delegates, representing members of the library and archives communities, developers of the JPEG 2000 standard, selected vendors, and image and signal processing scientists, attended the symposium. Among those invited were representatives from the Council of Library and Information Resources, Digital Library Federation, Institute of Museum and Library Services, Library of Congress, Museum Computer Network, Society of American Archivists, American Library Association, the Getty Research Institute, and a number of librarians and archivists working in the digital imaging arena. The array of delegates was designed to represent several communities of digital imaging: policy makers and practitioners, digital imaging specialists and software engineers, image/signal processing scientists and end users of the standards, and vendors as well as users of products.
Robert Buckley is a Research Fellow with the Xerox Imaging & Services Technology Center in Webster, NY. He is the Xerox representative on the US JPEG 2000 committee and was the Project Editor for Part 6 of the standard, which defines the JPEG 2000 compound image file format. He was the General Co-Chair of the First IS&T Archiving Conference in 2004. In addition, he will co-chair the IS&T/SID 12th Color Imaging Conference and chairs the CIE Technical Committee on the Communication of Color Information.
Colleen R. Cahill has an M.L.S and a Masters of Science in History from Kent State University. A cataloger for over 25 years, she has worked at the Library for Congress for more than thirteen years, the last nine as a Digital Conversion Coordinator of the Geography & Map Division's Digital Team.
Simon Cope has a Bachelor of Science from Curtin University in Western Australia. He has worked at Earth Resource Mapping Ltd for eleven years on a wide range of software solutions for the geospatial industry. For the last five years he was Chief Technology Officer of the companies internet products which included ongoing development of the Image Web Server product. Simon has held the position of Chief Software Architect for the last 2 years and is responsible for a number of ERM's technical firsts in the software industry including the ability to efficiently deal with multi-terabyte images on low cost commodity desktop computers.
Vladimir Misic received his BS degree in electrical engineering from the University of Novi Sad, Yugoslavia, and his MS and Ph.D. degrees in electrical and computer engineering from the University of Rochester. He is currently a visiting professor at Computer Science Department, Rochester Institute of Technology. His research interests are in artificial intelligence, digital halftoning and image processing algorithms. Dr. Misic acknowledges the assistance of Jim Kang and Jordan Sissel with his research.
Robert A. Morris is Professor of Computer Science at UMASS-Boston and Principal Investigator on the UMB Electronic Field Guide Project. His lab has a number of image-centric projects in Biodiversity Informatics, including work on collaborative annotation of JPEG 2000 images for large image databases.
Robert Mungovan has nineteen years of experience in the digital imaging industry. His current position is the Vice President of Advanced Products at Aware, Inc. Before working at Aware Mr. Mungovan held engineering and product manager positions at several companies that manufacture digital imaging hardware and software. He has experience working with digital still and video technologies, image compression technologies, digital and analog electronic cameras, image capture electronics, and image processing software. Mr. Mungovan holds a BS in Physics and an MBA from Boston College and an MS in Biomedical Engineering from Worcester Polytechnic Institute.
Rutherford Witthus has been involved with automation in archives for a number of years. His early involvement with the Berkeley Finding Aids Project and his long service as the MARBI representative for the Society of American Archivists provided opportunities to participate in innovative archival projects, the results of which he has presented at numerous library and archives conferences. Witthus retired from UConn in 2004 to become a full-time art student at the University of the Arts in Philadelphia.
The University of Connecticut is pleased to acknowledge the support of these organizations to make this symposium possible.
The Symposium on the Adoption of JPEG 2000 is arranged in an arc to take delegates from little assumed knowledge of the JPEG 2000 standard, through an awareness of how it is currently and can be used, to a point where dialog can occur on stewarding the critical aspects of the standard for long-term acessibility and preservation of our digital objects. JPEG 2000 has the potential to revolutionize common practices in libraries and archives. The symposium seeks to start the coordination and acceleration processes by providing a forum for guiding the adoption of the standards in software systems and reaching consensus on parameters of common interest to ensure interoperability.
Robert Buckley from Xerox Corporation and member of the JPEG 2000 committee will carry out the first third of the arc in a three-hour tutorial on the fundamentals of JPEG 2000. This background provides the foundation of understanding that will be used in subsequent discussions of the practical considerations of adopting and applying a JPEG 2000 practice in libraries and archives.
JPEG 2000 for Cultural Heritage Institutions: Metadata, Access & Archiving
Rob Buckley, Xerox CorporationJPEG 2000 has attracted the interest of the cultural heritage community like no previous image format standard. For those interested in access, image and metadata delivery, possibilities are expanded with the need for image derivatives and supplementary files reduced or eliminated entirely. For those with archiving concerns, metadata management can be simplified, and efforts at assuring data integrity and color fidelity can be more readily sustained. âJPEG 2000â itself designates a family of file formats for single images, multi-page documents and image sequences. It also defines a client/server protocol for delivering and flexibly interacting with images while reducing network bandwidth requirements. JPEG 2000 offers efficient and flexible image compression, while also offering features that can provide new, valuable functions to a wide range of imaging applications. This presentation will take you on a tour of the JPEG 2000 standard, demonstrate its capabilities, and discuss possibilities for its use in digital image access and archiving applications.
The Thursday afternoon sessions provide a forum for vendors and practitioners to share their experiences using the JPEG 2000 standard. Presenters address how use of the standard changes common imaging practices, how the standard is being adopted by developers of software systems, and the issues surrounding the adoption of the standard in the library and archive communities. In preparing their remarks, speakers were asked to address the following questions:
The presenters are:
At the conclusion of the first day, the symposium organizers expect the delegation to have arrived at roughly the same level of understanding of the complexity of the standard, the unique needs of various formats. Delegate participation in the last third of the symposium is key to advancing the adoption of the standard in the library and archives professions. Through facilitated dialog sessions in breakout groups, the symposium organizers seek to identify the key tasks required to smooth the adoption of the standard and shepherd the formation of ad hoc groups of delegates to carry forward those tasks.
Drawing heavily from Everett Rogerâs âDiffusion of Innovations,â the symposium organizers intentionally drew together both policy makers and practitioners, individuals from a variety of backgrounds, and delegates all along the spectrum of innovators/early-adopters/early-majority/late-majority/laggards. Rogers suggests that each member of a community follows a five-step process in making the decision to adopt an innovation:
Delegates will participated in two sessions of dialog. In the first, participants in the breakout session are encourage to speak openly with thoughts and ideas related to the topic at hand. After a break, the second session will consider the topic in a more focused manner with the goal of preparing a summary to be presented to the entire delegation at lunch and to be published on the symposium website. After lunch, leaders from each of the breakout groups will present the summary to the entire delegation for further comment and exploration.
In the microcosm of a two-day event, the symposium organizers hope to move delegates through the first three steps of Roger's model (above) in the three parts of the symposium. (It is recognized, of course, that it will take longer than two days for members of the delegation who were previously not familiar to JPEG 2000 to fully commit to the second and third stages.)
What logically follows is the implementation of JPEG 2000 into the practices of libraries and archives by spreading the knowledge to others and reaching concensus on questions that ensure interoperability. The symposium organizers are committed to providing the platform for further conversation through the j2kArcLib.info website. What is required is the energy and efforts of the delegates and the wider community to ensure the coordinated and accelerated adoption of JPEG 2000 in libraries and archives.